Types of Publications

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Music books (d914)

Description

• The title of the work is represented as clearly as possible. When necessary, the indication of the number of parts is included in the title (e.g. 'in cinque voci'). A potential indication of a specific part on a title page (e.g. 'bassvs') is not recorded in the title: we consider this to be a part indication.
• The author functions are given as 'mus' and this both for the composer as for the librettist. Authors of accompanying texts receive the function 'aut' and illustrators 'ill'.

• Works with various parts are considered as one whole. If they are paginated, numbered and/or signed continuously, they are described as one single work (even though the parts are often bound separately). If they are numbered and/or signed separately, they are treated as a multi-volume work. The vocal parts follow the order set in music theory: S, A, T, B, 5, 6, (...), bc; meaning Soprano [== Canto], Alto, Tenor, Bass, fifth voice, sixth voice (...), basso continuo. For multi-volume works therefore 'S' equals volume 1#, 'A' volume 2#, and so on.
• The described parts are mentioned in a general note, in the order of the title page. Known parts can be checked in the RISM (Répertoire internationale des sources musicaux). If RISM mentions more parts than the parts described, these are added to the bibliographical reference: "(mentions S A T B bc)". If all parts are described, the mention "(complete)" is added.
• In the copy-specific information, the available parts are listed. For example: 'Parts: Altvs, bassvs, basso continvo'.

Bibliographical references

• We refer to the RISM (Répertoire internationale des sources musicaux) as much as possible, and this to both the parts 'Einzeldrücke vor 1800' and 'Recueils imprimés'.
• Further reference as much as possible is made to Goovaerts, Typographie musicale dans les Pays-Bas and to Huys, Catalogue des imprimés musicaux des 15e, 16e et 17e.
• Further desirable references are those to the usual bibliographical reference works (Bib. catholica Neerlandica impressa, Backer-Sommervogel [S.J.], BL Low Countries, ...).
• The authority records, as much as possible, include a reference link to Grove Music Online.

Subject headings

Typical keywords are:

d046	Performing arts and music
d912	Song books (if there is also text present)
t170	Music notation
d011	Christian doctrine (if it concerns religious music)
d913	Liturgical works (for masses and motets)

Government publications (d915)

Title

The titles are shortened according to the general rules. Some important elements are retained as much as possible in the title field:

• indication of the type of publication (ordonnantie, costumen, copie, placcaet, ...)
• indication of the issuing authority ('gheaduiseert byde gheestelicke, en[de] Vier-Leden [...] van Vlaendren')
• dates, especially those of issue ('Ghedaen te Bruessele, den 27sten. dach der maent van october, 1612')
• geographic locations to which the publication pertains
• subject of the publication ('op 't stuck van de jachte')

Terms of address, honorary titles and so on of issuing persons are omitted as much as possible. For example: 'les archiducqz nos princes souverains' is reduced to 'les archiducqz'.

Filing title

Template:See also In general, this will be the most recent date found in the document. Only in very exceptional cases, when two (or more) independently ordinances are found in one printed document, multiple filing titles are recorded. If it concerns amplifications, additions, ... then the latest chronological date is always recorded. Other dates are mentioned in a general note. Beware: the latest date of issue is not always that which is mentioned on the title page!

Authors

• If a sovereign ruler is named by name on the title page, this is entered as a reference term to the personal author and indicated in the description by the source 'title page'.
• If a sovereign ruler is only named by function (the archdukes, the king, ...) then this function is added as a reference term to the personal author (the name of the ruler) and is entered with as source 'title page'.
• If a corporate author is named on the title page, it is entered as a reference term with the source 'title page'.

Corporate authors may appear as authors alongside rulers!

Various editions

Many ordinances may be found in various editions. If the imprint is different (different printers and/or year), there is no problem of course. Often, however, different editions have the same imprint either because there are textual differences (different addressee), because there was an immediate second impression/edition printed, or the original imprint was copied word for word in a later reprint. Strictly speaking, this last case is an example of a copy imprint but if this is not explicitly indicated as such in the document, it is not recorded in the description as such.

The imprint mentioned on the title page is always the imprint that is recorded first in the description. Only if there is absolute certainty about the identity of a printer responsible for the potential reprint, are they recorded in the imprint field. If there is doubt, this (and the printer) is mentioned in a general note but no extra imprint field is added to the description.

Variant editions are mentioned as much as possible in a general note: "There is another edition of the same year (STCV ...)" (regardless of whether this edition was actually printed in another year!). Additional indications may be useful in tracking down the differences between the variants quickly:

The present copy has '...' (spelling variant in the title).

The present copy has the privilege, date ..., on f. ...

The present copy has the coat of arms supported by blind/sighted justice.

Obviously the fingerprint remains the first indication to recognise variant editions.

Bibliographical references

Since there are so many different editions that cannot always be distinguished from each other, we may make simple references to reference works without distinguishing between editions, unless the reference works themselves make the distinction. It is possible to add '... (another edition)'. As much as possible, we try to refer to standard works.

Abbreviation	Short Title
knuttel	Knuttel
wulp	Wulp, J.K. van der. Tractaten, pamfletten, enz.
muller	Muller, F. Bib. van Nederlandsche pamfletten
bb	Bib. Belgica (1964-1970 éd.)
desmaele	Desmaele B. Ordonnances 1621-1633 [thesis Université de Mons]
simoni	BL Low Countries, 1601-1621
stcfrench	BM STC French 1601-1700

Subject headings

Typical keywords are:

d076	Public administration (compulsory)
d915	Government publications (compulsory)
t011	Coat of arms on the title page/in the prelims
t080	Printer's device

Then there is also content keyword for the subject of the ordinance, for example:

d068	Sports and games (for gambling, hunting, poaching, ...)
d073	Economics (for mint ordinances (coins), trade, toll collection, ...)
d077	Political science (for war declarations and peace treaties, military ordinances, ...)

Single-sheet prints

Title

The normal rules appy. The source-indication is 'document' (NOT 'title page'!) and possible options for the choice of title are:

• the often present title/caption above the text
• the incipit (if there is no 'title' above the text)
• if the title above the text is not unique and significant enough, a (possibly shortened) title and significant part of the incipit are chosen. This is often the case in government ordinances that start with a stereotypical form of address

Author(s)

The normal rules apply. Since the source-indication is 'document', only the main form of the authority record is recorded in the description. An accurate transcription is, however, entered as a variant form (reference term) of the relevant authority record for that author.

Edition statement

Edition statements on single-sheet prints are rare and were, so far, not found. In accordance with the rules, a possible edition statement with a 'document' source-indication is not recorded unless it contains information about translations.

Printer/publisher

Imprint details on single-sheet prints are usually found in the form of a colophon beneath the running text on the recto-side or (for single-sheet items that are printed on both sides) on the verso-side. The source-indication is therefore 'colophon' and follows the rules, so reference terms are used for the printer and the place of publication (if present) and with the date as '(col.YYYY)'. If a significant date is not found in the colophon but elsewhere in the text (e.g. in the title), the normal rules apply.

Collation

Determining bibliographic format

It is not always simple to determine bibliographical format for single-sheet prints. Larger formats such as plano's, folio's and quarto's are usually relatively simple, but the smaller single-sheet prints sometimes pose problems since the watermarks are often missing and the only indication therefore are chain lines. The normal rules are applied, meaning that if it is not possible to determine the correct format, the format field remains empty.

Pagination

If a single-sheet print is paginated or foliated, this is recorded as such (so "[1], [1 blank] p.", "2 p." or "1 f."). In many cases, however, there is no such indication meaning the pagination can only be given as "[1] f.".

Collation

If there is a quire signature, this is obviously recorded. Usually, this is not the case. The collation for an unsigned single-sheet print is then given as "[A]1" (and not "π1").

Annotation

When information about titles, authors, dates, etc. is taken from the document, this is given in a general note referring to the correct location for the information. This seems to be superfluous in the case of single-sheet prints since the STCV-user will, given the limited scope of the document, not have any problems tracking down the correct location. For single-sheet items only printed on one side, a specific note is given containing the dimensions of the type page. These data may be valuable in identifying different editions of a specific text. The note has the following fixed form:

"Single-page print; type area A x B mm"

in which A is the vertical distance between the top and bottom most point of the type page (the height), expressed in millimetres, and B the horizontal distance in mm between the most left and most right point of the type page (the width). The STCV-cataloguer measures both distances as precisely as possible.

Fingerprint

The year-format code

Since a single-sheet print has no title page, the year-format code will always start with "0000" followed by the two digits for the bibliographic format. If it is impossible to determine this last element, two zero's are given here. A year-format code of "000000" is therefore possible.

The fingerprint position

Only one position can be recorded for a single-sheet print since only the recto-side is used. The position-indicator will therefore always be "b1=b2". If a usable signature is present, this is obviously used for recording a normal fingerprint. In many cases, such a signature is not present and an alternative fingerprint needs to be taken. Alongside the usual rules, the following points require attention: - a potential colophon is never used to take an alternative fingerprint. The use of 'standing type' for this colophon might result in a great number of editions (e.g. series of ordinances) to have identical fingerprints. The fingerprint is therefore always taken from the third word of the last line of the actual text. - if this third word is not suitable for taking a fingerprint, the penultimate line of text is used instead, and one moves one line up until a suitable line/word is found for taking a fingerprint. - text on single-page prints is often divided in columns. The fingerprint is taken in the first column on the left of the page, even when one or more other columns continue lower down the page. When the last line of this first column is unsuitable for taking a fingerprint, we move to the penultimate line of that first column, not to other columns.

Keywords

Keywords are given in the same way as in other STCV descriptions. A few remarks:

• a single-sheet print has no title page and no preliminary matter. Potential illustrations, maps of coats of arms are therefore always 'within collation' and in the main body of the text, so with the descriptors t03x.
• special attention is required in using a descriptor for the title page. It is possible here to make a distinction between single-sheet prints that are only printed on one side and those that are printed on both sides:
  • one-sided single-sheet prints receive the note "Single-page print: type area A x B mm" and the descriptor t221 for "single-page print"
  • double-sided single-sheet prints receive the descriptor t220 (no title page)